Carbureter.



A. C. STEWART,

'GARBUR'BTBR l APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23,1909.

- Patented June 7, 1910.

ALFRED C. STEWART, 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

CABBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' 'Patented June 7, 1910.

Application ledebruary 23, 1909. Serial No. 479,627.

To all '107mm it may concern.'

Be it known that I, ALFRED Gs STEWART, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a new -and useful Improvement in Carbureters, of which the following is a specification.

rThis invention relates to carbureters for furnishing an explosive or combustible mixture for use in internal combustion engines, and the main object of the invention is to provide a carbureter wherein the oil and air supply will be regulated automatically in response to the demands of the engine without the use fof valves or other moving parts.

A further object of the :invention is to provide improved means far vcontrol of thev operation of the carbureter from a moreor less distant point.

Other objects of the invention will appear hereinafter.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention.

.Figure 1 is a vertical section of a preferred form of the invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the controlling device therefor. F ig. 3 a side elevation of a regulating tube. F ig. 4 is a'horizontal section on the line tmt Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a detail section of an oil feed regulating device.

The carbureter comprises a casing formed with an oilchamber l provided w-ith an oil supply connection or pipe 2, a-nd a valve 3 operated by a float 4 in the well known manner to maintain a definite level of oil in the oil chamber. An air inlet chamber 5 at the top of chamber 1 is provided with an air inlet opening G and an outlet opening 7 having means S foratiachn'ient to suction applying means, such for example, as the manifold or intake of an internal co1nbustion engine.Y 'A tubular member 10 screws into the bottom of the air inlet chamber and extends upwardly within a recess 11 formed in said air inlet chamber, said recess being closed, except for'an opening 18 extending through the wall thereof for comnmnication with the outer air, said opening being controlled by a pivoted valve or closure 14;l

said tubular member 10 also extends downwardly within the oil chamber 1 near to the bottom thereof. 'An oil feed regulating member consisting of a well cylinder' 15 fitting and sliding vertically within the tubular member 10 is adjustably supported 'tom of the oil chamber.

by a set screw l16 working through the bot- Said cylinder 15 is cut away ou one side, as shown at 15 in Fig. 3,toleave a vertical channel or opening 17,'anda' plate18 is fastened to the cylinder at one edge of this channeland extends across the channel, the upper end of the farther edge of said plate being bent outwardly so as to provide a. downwardly diminishing or tapering outlet or passage 1 9, as shown in Fig. 4', establishing com munication between the oil chamber l and the interior of the cylinder 15.

An oil communicating tube 20 is secured to the top of recess 11, with .its upper end extending adjacent to thel outlet 7 of the air inlet chamber and a downward extension 20 is provided from said tube, extending downwardly within t-he cylinder 15 nearly to the bottom thereof. A throttle 23 is provided in the air inlet passage and operated through a shaft-24 to control the supply of air. A bushing or collar 25 is inserted in the air inlet, reducing the area of the inlet so as to form a lip over which the incoming air passes in its suction through the carbureter, and directly around and at the rear of this lip is provided an annular channel 26 connected by a passage 27 with the recess 11 aforesaid at the top of the tubular member A1l0so that the condition of suction or partial vacuum created in the channel 2G by the injector effect of the air passing the lip 25 is communicated through the passage 27 to the space or chamber 11. A fine or capillary opening 29 is also pro'- yided leading from the passage 27 to the oil chamber 1.

A pipe or tube 30 leads from the upper part of the oil chamber to a suitable controlling means, for example, valve means, shown in Fig. Q, the same comprising a'base 32, having a cylindrical lstud 33. with an axial bore 3-1 connected'to said pipe 30 and a'r--lateral passage 35 extending from said bore to the outside of the stud. A sleeve 36 fitting on and rotatable around said -stud is provided with an operating handle or arm 37,. whereby it may be turned to position to open or close the passage By means of an opening 38 in said sleeve moving into or.'

out of register with said passage 35 a screw 40 screwing. into the bore 34 serves to A,re-

strict the communication between the sages 35, 34, to any desired extent,

screw being operated by handle or milled.

parts for head 41. Two disks 42, 43, are interposed between the outer end of sleeve 36, and the head 41 and a spring 44presses said disks apart to produce friction onv each of the olding the same in any position to which'they may-be set. A sliding pin 45 prevents rotation of said disks relatively to the stud 33.y This device may be mounted on a dash board or other convenient position in an automobile, so. that it can readily 'be 'thrown to o en or closed position or vice versa by kic ing over tlfe arm 37. Ad'ustvment for minimum oilfeed is provide for by. screw 16, and the normal maximum oil feed is determined by setting valve 14.

The operation is as follows z-When the engine is in operation and the throttle valve 33 is opened there is drawn in through the chamber .5 of the carbureter at each sucvtional stroke of the engine a charge of air.

. The consequent suction at the upper end of .the oilcommunicating tube 2O causes oil to be`.sucked up from the bottom of the wellV orl cylinder 15, so that at each suctional lstroke a certain amount of oil flows in to the air passing the outlet of oil communicatin tube, and an explosive mixture 'is there y formed. After each'such suctional operation the well aforesaid is recharged more or less by fiowing of oil through the slot or` passage 19. As the velocity of the engine increases the time allowed for such recharging of the well is correspondingly diminished, 'so that on increase of speed the amountof oil furnished to the mixture would correspondingly decrease and the mixture would be impoverished. This eiect is compensated to any desired extent by the operation of thesuctional means 26, 27 the air passing into inlet 6 causing a condition lof suction in passages 26 and 27 and in recess 11, so that a greater quantity of oil' -will tend to pass into the well on account of the excess of pressure'in the oil chamber 1 over the ressure in said well. In order to provide or control at will of this operation, the duct 29 aforesaid is provided, which draws air in small quantity from the air ipace over theoil in the oil chamber, therey reducing the difference of pressure aforesaid andv correspondingly reducing the increase of oil supply to the well at higher so that the oil feeding proceeds under the" tttomatic control of thefsuction applying i supply at hi means as above described and the operation is then to cut down to some extent the oil ofh speeds so as' to provide for maximum eiciency at ordinary running speeds. If at any time it is desired to increase the speed capacity of the engine irrespective of eiiiciency tlie valve device 39 may be kicked over so as to open communication at 36, 38, allowing atmospheric pressure to pass to the oil chamber and increasing by a different amount the feeding pressure on the oil. The extent to Which'this eHect takes place may be regulatedv by adjustment of the screw valve 40. f

It will be seen that according to this invention the regulation is eifected by causing a difference of pressure to be produced between the oil receiving we'll and the oil chamber, responsively to the condition of suction in the air inlet chamber. In the form of the invention above described the effect is secured by. reducing the pressure in he well below the pressure in the oil cham- The passage 27 in conjunction with the means 25 forms an air communicating means leading from the well to a part of the air inlet at which the condition of suction is less thanthat in the air chamber 5 on accountvot the connection being made to the air inlet at v,the outside of the throttle, this difference of pressure being necessary in order to enable the oil to be sucked up from the well the oil communicating means 20. In case the controlling means 33 is in .closed condition the air communicating means 29 maintains substantially the same barometric pressure within the oil chamber as that which exists in the well. Under these conditions the oil will seek the same level in the well as in the oil chamber by passing through the opening 19 at the side of thewell, but if the controlling valve 33 is partly open this condition 'of' l suction 1n the oil chamber 1s relieved to a corresponding extent', thev air communicating means 29 through which the suction 1s produced in the oil chamber being sufficiently small to prevent it from maintaining under these conditions the full condition of suction in the oil chamber. Under these circum* stances the barometric pressure within the oil chamber will be in excess of that in the well, and the oil will rise to a greater height in the space between the 'tube 10v and the plate 18 than in the oil chamber so that a greater amount of oil will pass through the opening 19 than would be the case if the ressure within the oil chamber were equal to that within the well, not only on account of the greater heioht of opening 19 through which it can passbut on account of the fact that said opening iiares upwardly. This upward flare of the oprming therefore has the effect of rapidly increasing the effective area of the inlet to the Well as the oil rises in the through space at the loutside of said opening, thereby making the device more sensitive to slight variations in the barometric pressure in the oil chamber under control of the valve 33. iiihat claim is: f'

l. A carbureter comprising an oil supply chamber, means for maintaining a detinite levei of oil in said chamber a well having communication to receive oil from sai-dL the condition of suction at the outlet ot' the` oil communicating means, and means for admitting air to the oil chamber for maintaining in the oil chamber a barometric pressure in excess of that in the weil.

2. A carbureter comprising an oil supply chamber, means for maintaining a definite level f oil in said chamber a well communicating with said chamber to receive oil therefrom, an air chamber provided with inlet and outlet means, a throttle valve in said inlet means said outlet means having 'means for connection tov suction applying 3e means, oil communicating means extending into the air chamber in the path of the suction therethrough and extending downwardly into said well to suck up oil therefrom, air communicating means extending 40 from the Well to the air inlet at a point where the suction is less than that in the air chamber, to establish in the Well a corresponding condition 'of suction, and means formaintainingin the oii chamber a condition of suction less t'han that in the well, said means consisting of a connection from the oil chamber to the air communicating means, and means for admitting atmospheric air to theoil chamber. i

A carbureter comprising an oil supply chamber', means cfor maintaining a `definite level of oil in said chamber a well communieating with said chamber to recive oil therefrom, an air chamber provided with inlet and outlet means, a throttle valve in said inlet means said outlet mea-ns having means for connection to suction applying means, oil communicating means extending into the air-chamber in the path of the suction there- '66 through and extending downwardly into said VWell to suck up oil therefrom, and mea-ns f responsive tothe condition of suction through the air chamber for varying the pressure in the oil chamber and simultaneously varying the relatiorr of the pressure in l l l f the oil chamber to the pressure of said well, and means establishing communication to the oil chamber from theouter air. i

4i. A carburetor comprising an oil supply chamber, means for maintaining a definite level of oil in said chamber a well having onununication to receive oil 'from said chamber,l an air chamber provided with inlet and outlet means, a throttle valvoinsaid inlet means said outlet means having means for connection to suction applying means, oil communicating means extending into the air chamber in the path ot' the suction therethrough and extending downwardly into said well to such up oil therefrom, and means responsive to the condition of suction through the air chamber for varying the pressure in the oil chamber and'simultaneously varying the relation of the pressure in the oil chamber to the pressure in said well, and valve controlled means establishing coinmunication to the-oil chamber from the outer air. i

ln a carburetor, a asiug provided with an inlet chamber having means for attachment thereto of suction applying means, an air inlet to said chamber, a throttle for said air inlet, oil communicating means opening into said chamber, an oil chamber, a member provided with a well into which saidoil communicating means extends, means for vertical adjust-ment of said member, said member formed with a lateral opening communicating with the oil chamber, the size of said opening increasing upwardly, a tube surrounding said well and comn'iuni'cating at its lower end with the oil chamber, means for maintaining a definite ievel of oil in the oil chamber, and regulatable means for controlling the condition oi pressure in the oil Y chamber.

G. In a carburetor, a casing provided with `an inlet chamber having means for attachment thereto of suction applying means, an air inlet to said chamber, a throttle for said air inlet, oil communicating means opening into said chamber, an oil chamber, and a member provided with a well into which said oil communicating means extends, said well being exposed .to the condition of suction through said air inlet, said member formed with a lateral opening communicating with the oil chamber, the size of said opening increasing upwardly, whereby when the level of oil in the well is increased by the increased suction at the air inlet, the enlarged size of the lateral opening will allow a greater amount of oil to How therethrough in an amount corresponding to said suction.

7. In combination with a carbureter com-- prising an air chamber, an'oilchamber, a well communicating with said oil chamber, an oil connnunicating means from said wel-l' to said air chamber through which the oil is sucked from the well into the air chamber by the suction of the carbureter, air commu nicating means communicating with the suction passage of the carbureter and with the well to produce a difference of pressure between the well and the oil chamber for Varying the supply of oil to the well in response to variation in thesuction through the carbureter, a controlling'device `having.a passage communicating with said oil chamber.

sucked from the well into the air chamberA by the suction of the carbureter, air communicating means communicating with the suction passage of the carbureter and with the well to produce a diierence of pressure between the,` well and theoil chamber for varying the' supply of oil to the well in respense to variation inthe' suction through the carbureter, a controlling device havin a passage communicating with said o chamber and provided with a lateral opening from said passage, an operating member rotatably mounted and provided with an opening to 'o en and close the aforesaid openingv in different an lar positions of said member, and means mdependent ofthe operation of said operating member for adjustably constricting communication between said openin and the said passage, and means for retaining the operating member in either open or closed position.

In testimony,T whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles, California, this 17th day of February, 1909.

ALFREDC. STEWART.

In presence .of-

ARTHUR. P. KNIGHT, FRANK L. A. GRAHAM. 

